Babasaheb Ambedkar
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (known as Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar) (April 14, 1891 - December 6, 1956) was a prominent Indian jurist, economist, political leader, and social reformer. He worked extensively against untouchability and for the eradication of the caste system. He became independent India's first Law Minister and was the architect of the Indian Constitution.
He earned his Ph.D. from Columbia University and D.Sc. (Doctorate) from London University, achieving a rare honor. He conducted research in law, social sciences, and economics. He initially worked as a lawyer, professor, and economist. Later, he worked for India's independence, publication of newspapers, social and political rights of Dalits, and the establishment of India's constitutional system. In 1956, when he embraced Buddhism, Dalits collectively converted to Buddhism.
In 1990, the Government of India posthumously awarded him the Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award. He remains a memorable leader in Indian history. His birthday is celebrated as "Ambedkar Jayanti" to commemorate his extraordinary contributions. In 2012, he was voted first in "The Greatest Indian" poll conducted by Outlook magazine in partnership with The History Channel and Reliance Mobile.
Early Life:
- Born on April 14, 1891, in Mhow (now in Madhya Pradesh) to Ramji Maloji Sakpal and Bhimabai
- Was the 14th and last child of his parents
- Originally named Bhimrao Ramji Ambavadekar
- His family had Marathi background from Ratnagiri district
- Belonged to the Mahar caste
- His father served as a Subedar in the British Indian Army
Education and Career:
- Completed B.A. in 1912 with a scholarship from Baroda State
- Earned M.A. from Columbia University in 1915
- Completed Ph.D. from Columbia in 1927
- Earned D.Sc. from London School of Economics
- Became India's first Law Minister
- Served as Chairman of the Constitution Drafting Committee
Social Reforms:
- Led numerous movements for Dalit rights
- Organized the Mahad Satyagraha in 1927
- Started newspapers like "Mooknayak" and "Bahishkrit Bharat"
- Played a crucial role in the Poona Pact with Gandhi
- Converted to Buddhism in 1956 along with 500,000 followers