Elephas maximus - Revision history

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	~~{\| class="infobox biota" style="width:22em; float:right; clear:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid~~ #~~a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa; padding:0; border-spacing:3px; font-size:90%; line-height:1.5;"~~		#REDIRECT [[ఏనుగు]]
	~~! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%; background:#e3e9e3; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.4em;" \| ఏనుగు~~
	\|-
	~~\| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" \|~~ [[~~File:Elephas maximus (Bandipur).jpg\|250px]]~~
	\|-
	~~! సంరక్షణ స్థితి~~
	~~\| ప్రమాదంలో ఉన్న (EN)~~
	\|-
	~~! కుటుంబం~~
	~~\| Elephantidae~~
	\|-
	~~! ప్రజాతి~~
	~~\| Elephas~~
	\|-
	~~! ద్విపద నామం~~
	~~\| ''Elephas maximus''~~
	\|}

	~~'''~~ఏనుగు''' అనేది Elephantidae కుటుంబానికి చెందిన ఒక క్షీరదం జాతి.<ref name="taxonomy">RS-eco (2023). traitdata: An R package compiling animal trait datasets. [https://github.com/RS-eco/traitdata]</ref>

	~~== వివరణ ==~~
	పెద్ద జంతువు బరువు సుమారు 2.9 టన్నులు ఉంటుంది. క్షీరదాలకు వెంట్రుకలు ఉంటాయి. ఆడ జంతువులు తమ పిల్లలకు పాలు ఇస్తాయి. ఈ జాతి శాస్త్రీయ నామం ''Elephas maximus''. ఇది ''Elephas'' ప్రజాతిలో ఉంచిన జాతులలో ఒకటి. ఒకే ప్రజాతిలోని జాతులు ఇటీవలి ఉమ్మడి పూర్వీకుడిని పంచుకుంటాయని భావిస్తారు, అందుకే అవి తరచుగా ఒకేలా కనిపిస్తాయి, ఒకే రకమైన ప్రాంతాల్లో నివసిస్తాయి.

	~~== ఎక్కడ నివసిస్తుంది ==~~
	ఇది ఒకే ఒక రకమైన నివాస స్థలంలో నమోదైంది. దీని విస్తరణ సుమారు -6° నుండి 31° అక్షాంశాల మధ్య ఉంది. ఒక్కో జంతువు సుమారు 38 చదరపు కిలోమీటర్ల ప్రాంతాన్ని ఉపయోగిస్తుంది. ఇవి ఎక్కువగా ఉన్న చోట చదరపు కిలోమీటరుకు సుమారు 0.53 జంతువులు కనిపిస్తాయి.<ref name="pantheria">Jones, K.E. et al. (2009). PanTHERIA: a species-level database of life history, ecology, and geography of extant mammals. Ecology 90:2648. [https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1494.1]</ref> ఇది ఎక్కడ నివసిస్తుందో పూర్తిగా తెలియదు. దాని కుటుంబంలోని చాలా జాతుల మాదిరిగానే, ఇది తనకు అలవాటైన ప్రత్యేక నివాస స్థలంతో ముడిపడి ఉంటుంది. అందువల్ల ఆ ప్రాంతమంతటా ఇది కనిపించదు. ఇది ఎక్కడ నివసిస్తుందనే సమాచారం మ్యూజియం నమూనాల నుండి, క్షేత్ర సర్వేల నుండి వచ్చింది. అందువల్ల దీని అసలు విస్తరణ నమోదైన దానికంటే పెద్దదిగా ఉండవచ్చు.

	~~== ఆహారం ==~~
	ఇది దాదాపు పూర్తిగా ఆకులు, గడ్డి, ఇతర మొక్క భాగాలు మీదే ఆధారపడుతుంది — తినే ఆహారంలో సుమారు 100% ఇదే. ఇది పగలు రాత్రి ఎప్పుడైనా చురుకుగా ఉంటుంది.<ref name="elton">Wilman, H. et al. (2014). EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027. [https://doi.org/10.1890/13-1917.1]</ref>
	~~{\| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"~~
	~~! Food !! Share~~
	\|-
	~~\| plants \|\| ██████████ 100%~~
	\|} క్షీరదాలు వెచ్చని రక్తం కలిగినవి కాబట్టి శరీర ఉష్ణోగ్రతను నిలుపుకోవడానికి క్రమం తప్పకుండా తినాలి. చలికాలంలోనూ, పిల్లలకు పాలిచ్చే సమయంలోనూ వీటి ఆహార అవసరం పెరుగుతుంది.

	~~== పునరుత్పత్తి ==~~
	ఆడ జంతువు సాధారణంగా ఒకసారికి సుమారు 1.4 పిల్లలకు జన్మనిస్తుంది. పిల్లలు పుట్టడానికి ముందు సుమారు 1.7 సంవత్సరాలు పాటు గర్భంలో పెరుగుతాయి. పిల్లలకు సుమారు 7 నెలలు పాటు పాలు ఇస్తారు. ఇవి సుమారు 80 సంవత్సరాలు వరకు జీవించినట్లు నమోదైంది.<ref name="elton">Wilman, H. et al. (2014). EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027. [https://doi.org/10.1890/13-1917.1]</ref> పిల్లలు ప్రాణంతో పుడతాయి. తమకు తామే ఆహారం సంపాదించుకునే వరకు తల్లి వాటికి పాలు ఇస్తుంది.

	~~== సంరక్షణ ==~~
	ఐయూసీఎన్ రెడ్ లిస్ట్ ఈ జాతిని ప్రమాదంలో ఉన్న జాతిగా పేర్కొంది. చాలా జాతుల మాదిరిగానే, నివాస స్థలం కోల్పోవడమే దీర్ఘకాలంలో ప్రధాన ముప్పు. ఇది నివసించే ప్రాంతాలను మంచి స్థితిలో ఉంచడమే దీనికి చేయగలిగిన అత్యంత ఉపయోగకరమైన పని.

	~~== వర్గీకరణ ==~~
	జీవుల శాస్త్రీయ వర్గీకరణలో ''Elephas maximus'' ఎక్కడ ఉందో కింది పట్టిక చూపిస్తుంది. శాస్త్రవేత్తలు జీవులను చాలా విశాలమైన గుంపుల నుండి ఒకే జాతి వరకు వరుస స్థాయిలుగా విభజిస్తారు, తద్వారా దగ్గరి సంబంధం ఉన్నవి ఒకే చోట ఉంటాయి.

	~~{\| class="wikitable"~~
	~~! స్థాయి !! పేరు~~
	\|-
	~~\| రాజ్యం \|\| Animalia~~
	\|-
	~~\| విభాగం \|\| Chordata~~
	\|-
	~~\| తరగతి \|\| Mammalia~~
	\|-
	~~\| క్రమం \|\| Proboscidea~~
	\|-
	~~\| కుటుంబం \|\| Elephantidae~~
	\|-
	~~\| ప్రజాతి \|\| Elephas~~
	\|-
	~~\| జాతి \|\| ''Elephas maximus''~~
	\|}

	~~== మూలాలు ==~~
	~~{{Reflist}}~~

	~~[[Category:క్షీరదాలు]]~~
	~~[[Category:Elephantidae]]~~
	~~[[Category:Proboscidea]]~~
	~~[[Category:SciWiki Articles]]~~
	~~[[Category:IUCN Red List EN species~~]]

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	\| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" \| [[File:Elephas maximus (Bandipur).jpg\|250px]]		\| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" \| [[File:Elephas maximus (Bandipur).jpg\|250px]]
	\|-		\|-
	! ~~Kingdom~~		! Conservation status
	\| ~~Animalia~~		\| endangered (EN)
	\|-
	~~! Phylum~~
	~~\| Chordata~~
	\|-
	~~! Class~~
	~~\| Mammalia~~
	\|-
	~~! Order~~
	~~\| Proboscidea~~
	\|-		\|-
	! Family		! Family
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	! Binomial name		! Binomial name
	\| ''Elephas maximus''		\| ''Elephas maximus''
	\|}
	~~[[File:Elephas maximus (Bandipur).jpg\|thumb\|right\|280px\|Elephas maximus]]~~
	~~{\| class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; font-size:90%; width:20em;"~~
	~~! colspan="2" \| Classification~~
	\|-
	~~\| Kingdom \|\| Animalia~~
	\|-
	~~\| Phylum \|\| Chordata~~
	\|-
	~~\| Class \|\| Mammalia~~
	\|-
	~~\| Order \|\| Proboscidea~~
	\|-
	~~\| Family \|\| Elephantidae~~
	\|-
	~~\| Genus \|\| Elephas~~
	\|-
	~~\| Species \|\| ''Elephas maximus''~~
	\|-
	~~! colspan="2" \| Diet~~
	\|-
	~~\| leaves, grass and other plant parts \|\| ██████████ 100%~~
	\|}		\|}

	'''Elephas maximus''' is a species of mammal in the family Elephantidae.<ref name="~~taxonomy~~">~~RS-eco (2023). traitdata: An R package compiling animal trait datasets.~~ [https://~~github~~.~~com~~/~~RS-eco~~/~~traitdata~~]</ref>		'''Elephas maximus''' is a species of mammal in the family Elephantidae.<ref name="col">[https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4CGXQ Catalogue of Life]</ref>

	== Description ==		== Description ==
	~~A full-grown animal is~~ around ~~2915040 g~~. Mammals have hair and the females feed their young with milk. They are warm-blooded and have a four-chambered heart. Most of them give birth to live young rather than laying eggs. Mammal groups are separated by teeth, skull structure and DNA. Teeth are especially useful because they wear in patterns that match what an animal eats, and they survive well as fossils, which lets living groups be linked to extinct ones. It is grouped with other members of ''Elephas'' inside the family Elephantidae~~. Detailed body measurements for this species are not repeated here, because they are not recorded in the database this article was built from~~.		Adults weigh around 2.9 tonnes. Mammals have hair and the females feed their young with milk. They are warm-blooded and have a four-chambered heart. Most of them give birth to live young rather than laying eggs. Mammal groups are separated by teeth, skull structure and DNA. Teeth are especially useful because they wear in patterns that match what an animal eats, and they survive well as fossils, which lets living groups be linked to extinct ones. It is grouped with other members of ''Elephas'' inside the family Elephantidae.

	== Where it lives ==		== Where it lives ==
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	== Food ==		== Food ==
	This species is a herbivore — its food is plants. Almost all of what it eats is leaves, grass and other plant parts — about 100% of the diet. It is active at any time of day or night.<ref name="elton">Wilman, H. et al. (2014). EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027. [https://doi.org/10.1890/13-1917.1]</ref> Mammals are warm-blooded and need to eat regularly to keep their body temperature up. How much they need rises in cold weather and while feeding young, so the time spent searching for food changes with the season.		This species is a herbivore — its food is plants. Almost all of what it eats is leaves, grass and other plant parts — about 100% of the diet. It is active at any time of day or night.<ref name="elton">Wilman, H. et al. (2014). EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027. [https://doi.org/10.1890/13-1917.1]</ref>
			{\| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
			! Food !! Share
			\|-
			\| leaves, grass and other plant parts \|\| ██████████ 100%
			\|} Mammals are warm-blooded and need to eat regularly to keep their body temperature up. How much they need rises in cold weather and while feeding young, so the time spent searching for food changes with the season.

	== Reproduction ==		== Reproduction ==
	Females normally give birth to about 1.4 young at a time. Young develop for about ~~634 days~~ before birth. The young are fed on milk for roughly ~~218 days~~. Individuals have been recorded living up to about ~~960 months~~.<ref name="elton">Wilman, H. et al. (2014). EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027. [https://doi.org/10.1890/13-1917.1]</ref> The young are born live and are fed on milk by the mother until they can find food for themselves. ~~The time the young~~ stay with ~~the mother~~ varies ~~a great deal~~ between species~~. In many mammals the young also learn how~~ and ~~where to find food~~ during ~~this period. How long the young stay with the mother varies widely. During~~ that time they usually also learn where and how to find food, which is why young mammals raised apart from adults often struggle. The details for this species have not been fully described.		Females normally give birth to about 1.4 young at a time. Young develop for about 1.7 years before birth. The young are fed on milk for roughly 7 months. Individuals have been recorded living up to about 80 years.<ref name="elton">Wilman, H. et al. (2014). EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027. [https://doi.org/10.1890/13-1917.1]</ref> The young are born live and are fed on milk by the mother until they can find food for themselves. How long they stay with her varies widely between species, and during that time they usually also learn where and how to find food — which is why young mammals raised apart from adults often struggle. The details for this species have not been fully described.

	== Conservation ==		== Conservation ==
	No IUCN Red List ~~assessment is recorded for this species here~~. Loss and change of habitat are the usual reasons species like this become rarer. More survey work would be needed to say how its numbers are changing.		This species is endangered on the IUCN Red List. Loss and change of habitat are the usual reasons species like this become rarer. More survey work would be needed to say how its numbers are changing.<ref name="iucn">[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/7140/0 IUCN Red List]</ref>

	== Classification ==		== Classification ==
	The full scientific classification of ''Elephas maximus'' is shown below. Scientists sort living things into a series of groups, from the very broad down to the single species, so that related kinds are kept together.		The full scientific classification of ''Elephas maximus'' is shown below. Scientists sort living things into a series of groups, from the very broad down to the single species, so that related kinds are kept together.

	* Kingdom: Animalia
	* Phylum: Chordata
	* Class: Mammalia
	* Order: Proboscidea
	* Family: Elephantidae
	* Genus: Elephas

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	== Other websites ==		== Other websites ==
			* [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/7140/0 IUCN Red List]
			* [https://www.gbif.org/species/2433451 GBIF]
			* [https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4CGXQ Catalogue of Life]

	[[Category:Mammals]]		[[Category:Mammals]]
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	[[Category:Proboscidea]]		[[Category:Proboscidea]]
	[[Category:SciWiki Articles]]		[[Category:SciWiki Articles]]
			[[Category:IUCN Red List EN species]]

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{| class="infobox biota" style="width:22em; float:right; clear:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em;"
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | Elephas maximus
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Elephas maximus (Bandipur).jpg|250px]]
|-
! Kingdom
| Animalia
|-
! Phylum
| Chordata
|-
! Class
| Mammalia
|-
! Order
| Proboscidea
|-
! Family
| Elephantidae
|-
! Genus
| Elephas
|-
! Binomial name
| ''Elephas maximus''
|}
[[File:Elephas maximus (Bandipur).jpg|thumb|right|280px|Elephas maximus]]
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; font-size:90%; width:20em;"
! colspan="2" | Classification
|-
| Kingdom || Animalia
|-
| Phylum || Chordata
|-
| Class || Mammalia
|-
| Order || Proboscidea
|-
| Family || Elephantidae
|-
| Genus || Elephas
|-
| Species || ''Elephas maximus''
|-
! colspan="2" | Diet
|-
| leaves, grass and other plant parts || ██████████ 100%
|}

'''Elephas maximus''' is a species of mammal in the family Elephantidae.<ref name="taxonomy">RS-eco (2023). traitdata: An R package compiling animal trait datasets. [https://github.com/RS-eco/traitdata]</ref>

== Description ==
A full-grown animal is around 2915040 g. Mammals have hair and the females feed their young with milk. They are warm-blooded and have a four-chambered heart. Most of them give birth to live young rather than laying eggs. Mammal groups are separated by teeth, skull structure and DNA. Teeth are especially useful because they wear in patterns that match what an animal eats, and they survive well as fossils, which lets living groups be linked to extinct ones. It is grouped with other members of ''Elephas'' inside the family Elephantidae. Detailed body measurements for this species are not repeated here, because they are not recorded in the database this article was built from.

== Where it lives ==
Records place it in only one kind of habitat. It has been recorded between about -6° and 31° latitude. An individual uses an area of about 38 square kilometres. Where it is common, about 0.53 individuals are found per square kilometre.<ref name="pantheria">Jones, K.E. et al. (2009). PanTHERIA: a species-level database of life history, ecology, and geography of extant mammals. Ecology 90:2648. [https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1494.1]</ref> Where exactly it lives is not fully known. Like most species in its family, it is tied to the particular kind of habitat it is adapted to, and it is not found everywhere inside that range. Surveys in nearby areas may still add new sites. Ranges are drawn from museum specimens and from field surveys, so the true extent may be wider than the records show, especially in places few people survey. Within any range the animal is not spread evenly: it is tied to the particular conditions it is adapted to, and where those conditions have been broken into separate patches, groups can become cut off from one another.

== Food ==
This species is a herbivore — its food is plants. Almost all of what it eats is leaves, grass and other plant parts — about 100% of the diet. It is active at any time of day or night.<ref name="elton">Wilman, H. et al. (2014). EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027. [https://doi.org/10.1890/13-1917.1]</ref> Mammals are warm-blooded and need to eat regularly to keep their body temperature up. How much they need rises in cold weather and while feeding young, so the time spent searching for food changes with the season.

== Reproduction ==
Females normally give birth to about 1.4 young at a time. Young develop for about 634 days before birth. The young are fed on milk for roughly 218 days. Individuals have been recorded living up to about 960 months.<ref name="elton">Wilman, H. et al. (2014). EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027. [https://doi.org/10.1890/13-1917.1]</ref> The young are born live and are fed on milk by the mother until they can find food for themselves. The time the young stay with the mother varies a great deal between species. In many mammals the young also learn how and where to find food during this period. How long the young stay with the mother varies widely. During that time they usually also learn where and how to find food, which is why young mammals raised apart from adults often struggle. The details for this species have not been fully described.

== Conservation ==
No IUCN Red List assessment is recorded for this species here. Loss and change of habitat are the usual reasons species like this become rarer. More survey work would be needed to say how its numbers are changing.

== Classification ==
The full scientific classification of ''Elephas maximus'' is shown below. Scientists sort living things into a series of groups, from the very broad down to the single species, so that related kinds are kept together.

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Chordata
* Class: Mammalia
* Order: Proboscidea
* Family: Elephantidae
* Genus: Elephas

{| class="wikitable"
! Rank !! Name
|-
| Kingdom || Animalia
|-
| Phylum || Chordata
|-
| Class || Mammalia
|-
| Order || Proboscidea
|-
| Family || Elephantidae
|-
| Genus || Elephas
|-
| Species || ''Elephas maximus''
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Other websites ==

[[Category:Mammals]]
[[Category:Elephantidae]]
[[Category:Proboscidea]]
[[Category:SciWiki Articles]]